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Q. What are first, second and third degree burns?

A. First-degree burns only affect the outer layer of the skin, the epidermis. The burn area is red, slightly swollen and without blisters. Characteristic is the typical unpleasant burn pain. First-degree burns usually heal without problems and long-term damage is rare.

A second-degree burn causes redness and swelling and the area is extremely painful. Characteristic is the formation of fluid filled blisters. Second-degree burns involve the epidermis and part of the dermis layer of the skin.

With third-degree burns, the damage extends deeper into the skin tissues. Common symptoms include dry, leathery, necrotic skin. The burned skin may look white or charred. If the burn has destroyed nerve endings, the victim may experience little or no pain. Third-degree burns always need immediate medical attention.

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