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Q. What are first, second and third degree burns?

A. First degree burns only affect the outer layer of the skin, the epidermis. The burn area is red, slightly swollen and without blisters. Characteristic is the typical unpleasant burn pain. First degree burns usually heal without problems and long-term damage is rare.

A second degree burn causes redness and swelling and the area is extremely painful. Characteristic is the formation of fluid filled blisters. Second degree burns involve the epidermis and part of the dermis layer of the skin.

With third degree burns, the damage extends deeper into the skin tissues. Common symptoms include dry and leathery, necrotic skin. The burned skin may look white or charred. If the burn has destroyed nerve endings, the victim may experience little or no pain. Third degree burns always need immediate medical attention.

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